by Dou Zhang, ASLA, PLA, LEED AP BD+C, SITES AP
© Shanghai Landscape Forum & Manfred Pan
第五届上海景观论坛——感知 活动回顾与干货分享
See the first installment of this recap of the fifth Shanghai Landscape Forum for a summary of Session A: Momentum and Session B: Memory.
Session C: 日新月异 Expectation
主题：城市中的独特感官
Uniqueness of Sensation in the Urban Environment
公司名：ASPECT Studios
演讲嘉宾：潘格非 Manfred Pan
从重复的住宅单元，到单调的办公楼幕墙，在当今的城市环境中，单调无感知的环境正在主导着我们的城市空间，令生活其中的人们倍感厌倦。ASPECTS Studios的景观设计师潘格非为我们分享了以人类最原始的感知力为出发点的感官设计哲学。ASPECT Studios运用独特的体验和敏锐的感官，带给人们意想不到的城市感知设计。
From repeating residential units to monotonous office tower curtain walls, a monoculture of sensationless environments is over represented in urban environments today. People are bored and tired of this duplicated world. Landscape architect Manfred Pan from ASPECT Studios shared the landscape design philosophy of human-oriented thinking. Starting from the most basic point—how humans experience the world—APSECT Studios use the unique experience and keen sensitivity to strive for the unexpected and uniqueness in urban projects.
首先，视觉感知的呈现。在项目皖投万科天下艺境中，石榴这一地域文化图腾，在设计师独特视角下的分解，并采取超尺度的再演绎。人们无需了解背景知识，就能获得自己独特的理解与感知。
The presentation discussed visual perception first. For a project in Hefei, China, the pomegranate was a special regional symbol. As a starting point, the pomegranate was disassembled from the unique perspective of the designer and then reinterpreted at a super-sized scale. People do not need to know the background to glean their own unique understanding and perception.
其次，声音感知的运用。ASPECT与我们分享了天使街项目。项目通过鸟的声音来定义功能空间，将背街小巷打造成具有意义深远的公共空间，唤起人类保护鸟类栖息地的意识。
Auditory sensation was discussed next, for which ASPECT Studios shared their project Angel Place in Sydney. The project tried to define functional space with bird song, upgrading the alley way into a meaningful public space, to raise awareness of bird habitat preservation.
最后，触摸文化的感知。在雅干广场项目中，ASPECT通过对当地材料的精心选择，色彩的搭配，创造水景、地貌等互动元素，所有的感官都可以在景观中加强运用，观看、触摸和玩耍。历史和文化的厚度融入了人们的日常生活。
The last sensation covered is called “Touch the Culture.” By a careful selection of local materials, matching the colors, and creating interactive elements such water features and land forms, all the senses can be encouraged in the landscape—to look, to touch, and to play. The depth and layers of culture and history are assimilated into daily life through this multi-sensory engagement.
感知力是人们体验世界的基础。作为设计师，将感知力作为设计指引，我们将会超过预期，在我们创造的体验中追求独特性、多样性和感知体验。
Sensation is the basis of how people experience the world. As designers, if we allow ourselves to be guided by the idea of sensation, we break from what would be anticipated and strive for uniqueness, diversity, and sensation in the experiences we create.
主题：主观感受还是客观研究
To Sense or Survey
公司名：HASSELL
演讲嘉宾：Liam Mouritz
HASSELL城市设计师Liam Mouritz发表了“主观感受还是客观研究”的演讲，提出了应对当代全球化所带来挑战的设计理念，旨在将两种具有代表性的相对思维方式放在一起比较讨论 — 感官审美设计过程以及技术方法论。本次讨论令人想起数十年以来，在景观建筑语境下的激辩，隐喻的钟摆在强调艺术还是科学之间来回摆动。然而，本次讨论更为关注的是两种意识的融合，兼顾感性与技术。
Liam Mouritz, an urban designer at HASSELL, delivered “To Sense or Survey,” a talk explaining a design philosophy which tackles our contemporary global challenges. It aims to engage two typically opposed ways of thinking: the sensual-aesthetic design process and the technical-pragmatic. The talk brought to mind a debate which has been reverberating within landscape architectural discourse for decades, as the metaphorical pendulum swings back and forth between an emphasis on either art or science. However, the talk emphasized the importance of trying to engage both mentalities—to be both sensual and technical.
当代的挑战主要围绕快速的城市化进程以及对自然环境的优化和控制。我们创造宜居且便利的大都市，无意中在边远地区制造了仅为生产而生的领域。随着这些工业用地的产生，大型基础设施的诞生，索取并重新分配自然资源均可导致环境的崩溃并引发自然灾害。我们需要找到跨专业的控制方法，并让能够塑造当今世界的更强大的力量介入。正如社会活动家及作者Naomi Klein所说，气候变化不只是环境问题而是一个社会、经济和政治问题。如果你还没有开始考虑这些问题，那么你已经与时代脱节了。
Our contemporary challenges are focused on rapid urbanization and the subsequent need to optimize and control our natural environment. While we work to create livable and convenient metropolises, we inadvertently also create vast territories dedicated to production in distant hinterlands. Alongside this we have seen the creation of mega-infrastructure to harvest and redirect natural resources, which has the potential for collapsing and provoking so-called natural disasters. We need to find ways of crossing disciplinary boundaries and engaging the larger forces that are shaping our world today. As Naomi Klein, social activist and author, might say, climate change is not an environmental problem; it is a social, economic, and political one. If you are not thinking about these issues, then you aren’t relevant today.
那么，我们作为设计专业人士可以为此做些什么呢？这又回到了我们的主题“主观感受还是客观研究”：作为设计师，我们拥有独一无二的能力和技能，能够讲述充满力量且具有吸引力的故事并实现这些故事。这些可以通过基于技术的总体规划策略，或是项目施工的管理实现。我们的这种能力能够突破思维模式、工作的规模并且思考与城市相互交融的生态，我们可以因地制宜，将当下的这些条件作为一门专业来发展。
So, what can the design profession offer in response to these global challenges? It comes back to the idea of to ‘sense or survey.’ As designers we have a unique ability and skill-set to be able to tell powerful and captivating stories and also to be able to implement them. This can be through technically grounded master plan strategies, or the management of a construction project. It is in this ability to cross modes of thinking and scales of work, and to think about the intersection of ecology and urbanity, that we find our niche and engage our contemporary conditions as a profession.
城市韧性设计挑战赛项目是专业设计事务所如何参与解决这些当代问题的最佳案例之一。HASSELL设计团队与社区、政府职能机构以及各利益相关方通过协作设计，重新设想了旧金山湾区在应对气候变化挑战时，如何成为一个更有韧性的地区。该项目展示了创新的水资源管理策略，同时关注自然水缘城市环境中人们的居住体验。
The Resilient by Design project challenge by HASSELL provides a great example of how professional design offices can engage in these issues. The HASSELL team worked with the community, government agencies, and other stakeholders in a collaborative design effort to reimagine the San Francisco Bay Area to become more resilient in the face of climate change. The project demonstrated innovative water management strategies alongside a focus on what the human experience of living in a naturalized urban environment at the water’s edge would be like.
主题：物联网时代：通过互动感知实现参与型城市
The Internet of Things: Realising the Fourth City Through Sensory Engagement
公司名： GVL Gossamer
演讲嘉宾：Nicola Balch
数据指引的智慧城市设计已经不是新鲜话题。我们常常都在通过电子设备的交互与周边商业环境、自然环境以及社会环境互动。怡境高势联合创始人Nicola Balch在多个国家进行了设计实践，她提出在当下智慧城市的营造中，人们需要自下而上的直接互动参与模式，而不是自上而下的传统方式。
The use of data in cities is not new, it is the speed and means though which we interact with it that has shifted fundamentally. GVL Gossamer co-founder Nicola Balch has traveled the world researching and developing unique IoT (internet of things) proposals for our public spaces. The projects offer an “engaged city” model that focus on how communities can directly interact with the spaces around them though technology rather than a top-down “smart city” model.
在乔治街城市客厅项目中，目标创建一个能增加用户多样性的线型社区空间。方案涉及两个层面反馈系统 – 一层面是家具系统，另一层面是匿名收集用户数据的感应铺装系统。这样的组合造就了一个智能反馈回路，通过使用街道家具实时收集的数据，将用户反馈成为设计建议的主要依据。怡境高势称之为“世界上第一条有生命的街”。
In the George Street Living Room project, the aim was to create a linear social space that would increase the user diversity in the city with a two-tiered response system—a kit of parts consisting of a furniture system and a sensory paving system that collected anonymous user data. The result was the design of an intelligent feedback loop, where community consultations would drive program suggestions, that could be tested using the kit of parts and data collection live on the street. The designers called this “The World’s First Living Street.”
Nicola 之前在McGregor Coxall参与的Hi-Croydon的设计竞赛中，寻求如何用新的方式使市民参与城市建设。怡境高势提出了一个DIY、可移动，可居住的植物园，借此激活街道。通过智能手机上的增强现实或虚拟现实应用程序，可以让居民参与设计这个可移动的植物园。
Nicola led a Smart City team within McGregor Coxall for the Hi-Croydon competition, which looked to innovate new ways for users to engage with their street. The project proposed a DIY mobile, habitable botanic garden that would activate the street corridor. It also proposed the use of augmented or virtual reality though a phone app what would allow residents to re-design the botanic garden into endless programs and configurations.
Nicola的另一个项目“智慧地毯”是伦敦市智慧城市竞赛的获奖作品。其采用了模块化和便于安装的概念，将其直接应用于街道表面。通过一套特制的LED灯光铺装系统，他们将街道转变成一个活力走廊并适应各种活动，在通勤时段作为自行车道，人行过街和人行道，并根据人流营造可变的尺寸，并在晚上和周末改变街道布局满足各种社区功能，如数字艺术画廊和表演空间。怡境高势将进一步创新的智慧城市设计实践在中国落地实施的机会。
Smart Carpet was the winning entry for the City of London’s A Smarter City competition. The concept took the notion of modularity and adaptability and applied it directly to the street surface. Using interlocking and live sensory LED paving and furniture, Smart Carpet allows the street to be transformed for any use imaginable. It could become a busy corridor, a place for testing bike lanes, pedestrian crossing locations, and sidewalk dimensions in commuter mode, and it could change the whole streetscape for diverse functions, such as a digital art gallery and performance space on the evening and weekends.
At GVL Gossamer, this innovative approach to technology will continue, and the founding team looks forward to exploring how technology can facilitate new ways of interacting with our public spaces in a Chinese context.
圆桌讨论
Panel Discussion
活动的最后是圆桌讨论环节。各位演讲嘉宾被再次邀请上场，面对面对话及接受现场观众的提问。从设计到实施，从艺术到技术，现场的问题并不局限于演讲本身，而是涵盖了景观行业的各个方面。
The round table discussion was the last part of the event. All the speakers were invited back to the stage to take questions from the audience. From design to implementation, from art to technology, the questions received were not limited to the presentations themselves, but covered all aspects of the landscape profession.
以下为圆桌讨论环节内容:
Q: 现场提问
A（演讲嘉宾名字）：嘉宾回答
Q1：提问德国艺术家组合Quintessenz的艺术作品灵感来源，以及作者关于艺术功能性的理解。也希望嘉宾能就在中国观众群体中提升色彩品味给出一些建议。
A（Quintessenz_Tomislav Topic）：艺术作品应该强调与人的互动，帮助人们从日常的生活中跳脱出来。对于提升观众色彩品味的建议，他表示他们的作品是具有强烈的地域色彩，深植于当地文化中的。于此同时艺术教育亦扮演了相当重要的角色。
Q1: Quintessenz, please describe the source of inspiration for the work “Kagkatikas Secret,” as well as the author’s understanding of the functionality of art and the author’s suggestion for improving the use of color in China.
Tomislav Topic, Quintessenz: Art should emphasize interaction. It helps people to get out of their daily lives. As for color preferences, the artist believes that there are strong regional colors that are deeply rooted in the local culture. At the same time, art education also plays a very important role.
Q2：对于快速发展的技术与自然环境基本经验之间的冲突，作为景观设计师如何化解与看待？
A（AECOM_Lee Parks）：目前作为支撑的卫星影像等技术条件已然成熟，我们最大的挑战是如何能让这部分数据更容易被从业者获取，并成为设计依据。
A（Gossamer_Nicola Balch）： 技术应该用来提升人们对景观的体验。帮助人们以不同的方式看待事物。好的设计应与技术兼容，而不是刻意避开。
A（SWA_张树仪）: 虽然技术已成为很成熟的工具，但是目前设计行业的现状是理解场所调研的重要性的意识并没有跟上。景观论坛正是这样一个平台，来呼吁大家思考和认识到这个设计的基本问题。
A（Gossamer_Alex Breedon）: 技术可以帮助人们看到，但也可能使我们盲目。两者之间的紧张关系一直存在，但最重要的是始终记住景观设计行业的根本。
A（SASAKI_曾志强）: 科技发展与景观设计行业的联系十分紧密，ARCGIS的发明帮助景观行业的研究范围和尺度得以扩大，使我们的判断更具科学依据，将行业向更好的方向推进。无人驾驶提升交通系统效率，还街道于行人。景观建筑师应具有先锋眼光，系统思考整合各行业知识与新技术，打造更好的未来环境。
Q2: How can the conflict between rapidly evolving technology and the basic experience of the natural environment be resolved and viewed as a landscape architect?
Lee Parks, International ASLA, AECOM: Technology, such as satellite imagery, is readily available, but our biggest challenge is how to make this data more accessible to practitioners and have it become the basis for design.
Nicola Balch, Gossamer: Technology should be used to enhance people’s experience of the landscape and help people see things in different ways. Good design should be compatible with technology, not deliberately avoid it.
Shuyi Chang, ASLA, SWA: Although technology has become a very valuable tool, in the current state of the design industry, the importance of site research has not kept up. The Shanghai Landscape Forum is an opportunity and a platform to appeal to everyone to think about and recognize this as a basic issue for design.
Alex Breedon, Gossamer: Technology can help people see, but it can also blind us. The tension between the two has always existed, but the most important thing is to remember the fundamentals of landscape design.
Zhiqiang Zeng, SASAKI: The connection between science and technology development and the landscape design industry is very strong. ArcGIS has helped to expand the research scope and scale of the landscape industry, making our judgment more scientific and moving the industry in a better direction. Autonomous vehicles, for example, may improve the efficiency of the transportation system, but may also transform the streetscape. Landscape architects should have a pioneering vision and systematically think about integrating industry knowledge and new technologies to create a better future environment.
Q3：五感景观设计似乎成为一个逐渐被重视的话题，比如盲人花园。是否可以在以此为主题的景观实践中满足这类弱势人群的需求？如何看待很多关注弱势群体的项目和研究，并没有取得重大进展便中途搁置的现实？
A（ASPECT_潘格非）: 特殊人群的问题应赢得更过的社会关注。景观设计师可以借由设计作为反哺，让更多人意识到这个问题。
A (SASAKI_萧宇昂)：大家应该从一个正面的角度去理解五感景观话题的关注度。针对弱势群体的设计不应追求立竿见影。人们反而应该通过对于这个话题的关注促成一个与此类群体的对话，引起更多人的关注和关怀。
Q3: Landscape design engaging all five senses seems to be a topic that is gradually growing in interest, such as the blind garden. Can you meet the needs of all users in this landscape practice? How do you view the reality of many projects and the research that focus on vulnerable groups but have been put aside without major progress?
Manfred Pan, ASPECT Studios: The need to address underserved groups demands more attention. Landscape designers can use design to make more people aware of this problem.
Yuang Xiao, SASAKI: Everyone should understand this topic from a positive perspective. Design for underserved groups cannot be expected to have an immediate impact. Instead, people should focus on this topic and have a dialogue with such groups, which will attract more people’s attention and care.
Q4: 据悉，徐汇跑道公园在申请SITES认证。在绿色生态、雨水回用方面的工作可以多分享一些吗？
A（SASAKI_朱宇）: 徐汇跑道公园即将成为中国大陆第一个获得SITE认证的景观项目。SASAKI在项目初期便全面考虑低影响的开发策略。雨水处理，低碳理念贯穿项目始终。基于对场地的认识，进行最合理的设计决定。
A （SWA_张树仪）：上海景观论坛的初心，是通过提供一个业内人士聚集在一起的平台，为行业发声。设计本身并不是强调具体做了什么，而是设计的初心和良心。如何尊重人，尊重自然，尊重场地和生态。因此作为景观设计师，我们并没有刻意强调做了些什么，而是在更加细致地通过设计，潜移默化的影响业主，改造环境，创造更好的未来。
Q4: It is reported that Xuhui Runway Park is applying for SITES certification. Can you share more about your work on ecology and rainwater recollection?
Yu Zhu, SASAKI: As the first landscape project in China to receive SITES certification, SASAKI has considered low-impact development strategies from the early stages of the project, including rainwater treatment and low-carbon concepts. Based on our understanding of the site, the most reasonable design decisions are made.
Shuyi Chang, SWA: The initial focus of the Shanghai Landscape Forum was to provide an opportunity for industry insiders to gather together and speak for the industry. Design itself should not emphasize what is done, but the initial ideas and inspiration for the design, how to respect people, respect nature, respect the site and ecology. Therefore, as landscape architects, we do not deliberately emphasize what we have done, but we should be more detailed, through design, subtly affecting the owners, transforming the environment, and creating a better future.
Q5： 作为具有国外的教育背景以及国际视野年轻设计师，如何在设计中运用这些知识并且最大程度回应本地的信息与文化的问题？
A（SASAKI_曾志强）: 以我个人的经历为例，我在国外所学的是系统的设计方法论和通用的方法。但当工作实践时，设计的灵感是应该根植于文化，结合场所的记忆的。特别是在中国，我们应该为自己在文化与历史方面的价值而感到骄傲。
A（ASPECT_潘格非）: 西方设计价值观具有逻辑性和理性的特色。这应是设计的基础。而美观，体验，记忆，共鸣为上层建筑，需要结合文化来体现。
A (Quintessenz_Tomislav Topic): 作为一个外国艺术家，中国这个大环境在文化层面给予我的设计灵感，比任何一个个体给予我的影响要深远得多。
A （HASSELL_Liam Mouritz）: 拥抱本地文化是正确理解一个场所和它的使用者的前提。
Q5: How should young designers with a foreign educational background and an international perspective apply this knowledge in their design work and respond to local information and culture to the greatest extent possible?
Zhiqiang Zeng, SASAKI: International education offers systematic design methodology and a general design method. The inspiration for design, on the other hand, can be rooted in culture, combined with the memory of the place.
Manfred Pan, ASPECT Studios: Western design values are logical and rational. This should be the basis of the design. Aesthetics, experience, memory, and resonance are the superstructures that need to be combined with culture.
Tomislav Topic, Quintessenz: As a foreigner, I think what China can offer at the cultural level is far more profound than the intellectual impact that individuals can provide.
Liam Mouritz, HASSELL: Embracing the local culture is a prerequisite for a proper understanding of a place and its users.
Q6：如何在设计中取得感知体验的平衡，保证愉悦的感官，同时避免超负荷的感知？
A （SWA_张树仪）：只有通过理性分析，并叠加感性的心情，才能达到最合理结论。
A （Gossamer_Nicola Balch）: 有时好的设计是无声胜有声的，我们应该避免过度的设计。好的设计是为场地作出最合适的建议，而不是满足设计师个人的偏好。
A（SASAKI_曾志强）: 对于景观设计师而言，考察场地时产生的第一印象是最大的冲击。好的设计应回应这种冲击，基于场地特色，在细节中体现品质。
Q6: How do designers achieve a balance of perceived experiences in the design, to ensure a pleasant experience, while avoiding perception overload?
Shuyi Chang, SWA: Only through rational analysis and superposition of emotional moods can the most reasonable conclusion be reached.
Nicola Balch, Gossamer: The best design is to do nothing. Over-design should always be avoided. A good design considers what is appropriate to the site instead of trying to fulfill personal interests.
Zhiqiang Zeng, SASAKI: The first impression of the site has a huge impact. Good design should be based on the first impression, based on the characteristics of the site, reflecting the quality in the details.
在半个小时个热烈讨论之后，第五届上海景观论坛圆满结束。
After half an hour of active discussion, the 5th Shanghai Landscape Forum was successfully concluded.
-第五届景观论坛-感知圆满成功,谢谢大家热情参与与支持-
We thank all the attendees for their participation and for a successful event.
Please contact shanghailandscapeforum@gmail.com if you have any questions. For information on previous forums:
Shanghai Landscape Forum Focuses on International Efforts in China
Shanghai Landscape Forum: Future of Infrastructure – September 2018
Sasaki Presents at Shanghai Landscape Forum – May 2018
Shanghai Landscape Forum Discusses Eco-Restoration – October 2017
Zhang Speaks at Shanghai Landscape Forum – April 2017
张斗
Dou Zhang, ASLA, PLA, LEED AP BD+C, SITES AP, is Senior Associate and Director, Shanghai Office, at Sasaki and Co-Chair of the ASLA International Practice Professional Practice Network (PPN).